WHAT IS MUCOSAL MELANOMA
Mucosal melanoma is a rare form of melanoma found in the mucous membranes (The moist, inner lining of some organs and body cavities, such as the nose, mouth, anus, vagina and stomach), Mucosal melanoma tends to grow and spread quickly. It is also often diagnosed at a late stage. This form of melanoma is not caused by UV exposure. Mucosal melanoma makes up only 1 to 2 out of 100 melanoma cases (1% to 2%)
Where does Mucosal Melanoma Occur?
- The lining of the sinuses, nose (nasal passages), mouth, and throat. Over 50% of cases occur here
- The female genital tract and anal or rectal area. Approximately 24% of cases occur here.
- The urinary tract. Approximately 3% of cases occur here
Mucosal melanoma is more commonly found in women than men, with an average age of diagnosis of 70. Mucosal melanoma has a unique staging system, separate from cutaneous melanoma. It is hard to find early and fully treat because of where it is.
Most patients will experience micro metastatic disease (small cancer cells that spread from the primary location) and multiple recurrences before the cancer metastases to distant parts of the body. Approximately one third of patients will have lymph node involvement when their mucosal melanoma is detected.
The overall 5-year survival rate is only 25% because often it has already spread before it’s found, and it often comes back. Additionally, it is not very responsive to surgical resection and adjuvant treatments like immunotherapy and chemotherapy.