Every March, we celebrate World Lymphedema Awareness Month. It’s a time to show support for the estimated 1 million Canadians affected by lymphedema, a chronic (long-term) health condition that causes swelling in body tissues. If you or someone you know has received treatment for melanoma and skin cancer, there’s a possibility of developing lymphedema as a side effect. Surprisingly, around 20% of new lymphedema cases occur after melanoma treatment, resulting in approximately 1,800 new melanoma-related cases each year in Canada.
Join Melanoma Canada in spreading awareness, helping people understand more about lymphedema, and advocating for improved resources and support for those affected. Together, let’s unite in showing empathy, sharing knowledge, and giving strength to everyone facing the challenges of lymphedema. In this article, we will discuss what causes lymphedema, the different types, and the signs to help you understand this condition better.
What is lymphedema?
Lymphedema is a condition often caused by cancer treatment that results in the build-up of lymph fluid in the body’s tissues. It occurs when the lymph system, which normally removes waste and excess fluid from the body, is damaged and cannot remove the fluid as it should. This causes abnormal swelling, discomfort, and pain, usually in an arm or leg, but it can occur anywhere in the body. Lymphedema can also decrease the immune function of the lymph nodes and reduce the amount of oxygen and nutrients reaching your body’s tissues.
Types of lymphedema:
- Primary lymphedema: Occurs when individuals are born with the condition.
- Secondary lymphedema: This type can develop at any age and is typically caused by external factors like cancer treatment, infection, or injury.
Causes of lymphedema in melanoma patients
For melanoma patients, lymphedema can occur due to treatment.
Lymph Node Involvement: Melanoma can spread to nearby lymph nodes, leading to their enlargement. This involvement can disrupt the normal flow of lymphatic fluid, potentially contributing to the development of lymphedema in the affected area.
Surgical Procedures: The treatment of melanoma often involves surgical procedures, which may include the removal of nearby lymph nodes. Lymph node dissection can increase the risk of lymphedema, particularly if a significant number of nodes are removed.
Radiation Therapy: In some cases, radiation therapy may be used to treat melanoma. Radiation can affect the lymphatic system and increase the risk of lymphedema.
It’s important to note that not all individuals with melanoma will develop lymphedema, and the risk can vary based on factors such as the stage of melanoma, the extent of lymph node involvement, and the specific treatment approach.
Symptoms of Lymphedema
Swelling: The affected area is one of the most noticeable symptoms of lymphedema. The swelling may be mild or severe, and it can make the affected limb or area feel heavy or tight.
Skin changes: Redness, thickening, and dryness are common in lymphedema. The skin may also appear pebbled or textured.
Restricted range of motion: Lymphedema can cause stiffness and reduced flexibility, making daily activities and exercise challenging.
Discomfort: Lymphedema can cause mild to severe discomfort or pain in the affected area, interfering with daily activities.
Infections: Lymphedema increases the risk of infections. If you notice any signs of infection like redness, warmth, or swelling, seek medical attention immediately.
If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to speak with your doctor. Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage lymphedema and prevent complications.
What Next?
No cure exists for lymphedema, but appropriate treatment can manage this condition and reduce the size of your arm or leg. Lymphedema is best managed by a certified lymphedema therapist. Not all therapies you may read about in magazines or on the internet are safe and effective. Always discuss any change to a current therapy or a new therapy with a certified lymphedema therapist.
Several therapies that can help manage lymphedema include:
- Complete Decongestive Therapy
- Intermittent pneumatic compression therapy
- Low-level laser therapy
- Surgical therapy
- Pharmaceutical treatments
- Natural supplements
- Complementary and alternative treatments
- Exercise
Support and Resources
Dealing with cancer alone is a challenge. So, learning to manage another chronic condition can be extra difficult. If you are dealing with lymphedema after melanoma and skin cancer treatment, you are not alone. Melanoma Canada is here to support you with resources and support services.
You can download our Managing Lymphedema for the Melanoma Patient booklet
Your healthcare team can also provide guidance and resources to help address your mental health needs while undergoing cancer treatment.
If you have questions or need support, don’t hesitate to email support@melanomacanada.ca or call 905-901-5121 x 108.
